關於 cost up ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Back to #HBL and #WFM today! Sharing a way to save your utility bills by using a cost-efficient sustainable alternative for air conditioner - CLOSE COMFORT Cool Focus Portable Air Conditioning Unit. Igloo Tent works as a glamp tent and a mosquito net, and power up the coolness by 12 °C when fitted with Cool Focus. This air conditioner doesn't cause dryness to our skin like normal traditional aircon, so that's a plus point to beauty lovers like us too!

Read all about them on my blog:
https://faithyvanitytable.blogspot.com/2021/09/closecomfort-review.html

📜 [專欄新文章] Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity

✍️ Ping Chen

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Assign random numbers as the index of newly minted NFTs

Scenario

The fun of generative art NFT projects depends on randomness. The industry standard is “blind box”, where both the images’ serial number and the NFTs’ index are predetermined but will be shifted randomly when the selling period ends. (They call it “reveal”) This approach effectively solves the randomness issue. However, it also requires buyers to wait until the campaign terminates. What if buyers want to know the exact card right away? We’ll need a reliable onchain card drawing solution.

The creator of Astrogator🐊 isn’t a fan of blind boxes; instead, it thinks unpacking cards right after purchase is more interesting.

Spec

When initializing this NFT contract, the creator will determine the total supply of it. And there will be an iterable function that is randomly picking a number from the remaining pool. The number must be in range and must not collide with any existing ones.

Our top priority is accessibility/gas efficiency. Given that gas cost on Ethereum is damn high nowadays, we need an elegant algorithm to control gas expanse at an acceptable range.

Achieving robust randomness isn’t the primary goal here. We assume there’s no strong financial incentive to cheat, so the RNG isn’t specified. Implementers can bring their own source of randomness that they think is good enough.

Implementation

Overview

The implementation is pretty short and straightforward. Imagine there’s an array that contains all remaining(unsold) cards. When drawIndex() is called, it generates a (uniform) random seed to draw a card from the array, shortens the array, and returns the selected card.

Algorithm

Drawing X cards from a deck with the same X amount of cards is equal to shuffling the deck and dealing them sequentially. It’s not a surprise that our algorithm is similar to random shuffling, and the only difference is turning that classic algo into an interactive version.

A typical random shuffle looks like this: for an array with N elements, you randomly pick a number i in (0,N), swap array[0] and array[i], then choose another number i in (1,N), swap array[1] and array[i], and so on. Eventually, you’ll get a mathematically random array in O(N) time.

So, the concept of our random card dealing is the same. When a user mints a new card, the smart contract picks a number in the array as NFT index, then grabs a number from the tail to fill the vacancy, in order to keep the array continuous.

Tweak

Furthermore, as long as the space of the NFT index is known, we don’t need to declare/initialize an array(which is super gas-intensive). Instead, assume there’s such an array that the n-th element is n, we don’t actually initialize it (so it is an array only contains “0”) until the rule is broken.

For the convenience of explanation, let’s call that mapping cache. If cache[i] is empty, it should be interpreted as i instead of 0. On the other hand, when a number is chosen and used, we’ll need to fill it up with another unused number. An intuitive method is to pick a number from the end of the array, since the length of the array is going to decrease by 1.

By doing so, the gas cost in the worst-case scenario is bound to be constant.

Performance and limitation

Comparing with the normal ascending index NFT minting, our random NFT implementation requires two extra SSTORE and one extra SLOAD, which cost 12600 ~ 27600 (5000+20000+2600) excess gas per token minted.

Theoretically, any instantly generated onchain random number is vulnerable. We can restrict contract interaction to mitigate risk. The mitigation is far from perfect, but it is the tradeoff that we have to accept.

ping.eth

Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

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啊 哈嘍 黑特

Uhh Mother Fxcker
啊 馬德法克

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I am here again (I am here again)

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I am the bad influencer to the multitudes (Fxck)

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Dick recoils while face to face (Aahs)

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I will influence the multitudes negatively (Nah)

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Always misinterpret and label me as you like

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Absolutely disgusting and cheap ugly face

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Twisted my initial meaning, then subscribe & share my video

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Making me tons of money

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How stubborn and invulnerable I am

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Take off your three briefs

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I am damn cool, yet you threw up

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買了個銃子 三萬塊嘟嘟嘟嘟

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靠北我射你住處

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我只要陷阱 不需要別人的護

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操你妹雞婆的豬

I am not afraid, I choose to do only serious task
我沒在怕的 我只幹大的

Go to hell bastard, I wanna rebuke till you can't refute
去你的Sucker 壓著你罵的

Consistent tactics similar reply in comments, damn
一貫的伎倆 留言我操

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罵完了閉嘴 老子搞大的

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我是個罪人 沒在管道德

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Fed up with the rubbish, goodbye

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Fxck you bitch (Alright?)

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Born to be a coward (Coward)

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All these comments left by the pigs are senseless

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Just to catch attention online

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Demand for support, debunk the myth

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Give you Like, smile to me please (Smile to me)

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Discussion is getting more intense (Growing)

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Shut down your mom and dad

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Myanmar Street in Chunghe Town (Chestnut)

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Listen to my songs and watch my videos every day

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Media loves broadcast and re-post

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You hate me to death but slap in your own face

Hey Hater Loser Keyboard Warrior
嘿 黑特 魯蛇 键盘侠

You Mother Fxcker Come and Lick My Shit
馬德法克快來舔我的大便!

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Please share and thumbs up if you liked the video, also subscribe for more videos!
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*Don't forget to turn on【CAPTION】
/In 2020, we have all experienced an extraordinary year. #covid19
Some people are unemployed, some lose their health, and some are homeless. But some people are desperate for racial equality. #Blacklivematter
And I also entered another stage of life. We had a virtual wedding and left the U.S.

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0:13 Background: Time, Location｜The actual situation
01:35 The impact on my life｜"True Love" cost money
03:31 black live matter ｜Fake reporter
04:52 The follow-up of black live matter｜My feelings
06:10 Unemployment in the US｜Why We Left the U.S.
06:47 Virtual wedding at home ｜About the wedding
09:39 Honeymoon | Self-prevention of Outside | Public Epidemic Prevention in the US
12:11 Discrimination because of wearing a mask｜Stop Asian Hate
12:31 Back to SF｜Move home again
14:31 What is the difference between Lockdown in the Bay Area and Taiwan?
15:08 What I want to say ｜the reason for getting married
16:38 NG Fun